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bibkey: winkler2020pigeonhole authors: Peter Winkler year: 2020 title: The Pigeonhole Principle doi: 10.1201/9780429262913-ch12 claim: Assigning more objects than available readings forces two distinct objects to receive the same reading. strata_touched:

  • D5/S0/Diagonal/PigeonholeFiber license: citation-only triage: anchor

The Pigeonhole Principle

Peter Winkler’s chapter supplies a modern literature anchor for the classical pigeonhole principle. The repository theorem states the same collision principle in cardinal language: if the cardinality of the codomain is strictly smaller than the cardinality of the domain, a function between them is not injective and therefore has a fiber containing two distinct elements.

Only the collision statement is attributed to the chapter. The repository proof is a thin formal reduction through Mathlib’s characterization of cardinal comparison by injections and its characterization of a non-injective function by two unequal arguments with equal images. The note does not attribute those Lean definitions or the exact proof term to the source.

Search log

  • 2026-08-11: Queried DOI metadata for 10.1201/9780429262913-ch12. The resolver identified Peter Winkler, the exact chapter title “The Pigeonhole Principle”, the 2020 publication date, the containing book Mathematical Puzzles, A K Peters/CRC Press, and pages 151-162.
  • 2026-08-11: Cross-checked the formal boundary against the pinned Mathlib declarations Cardinal.mk_le_of_injective and Function.not_injective_iff. The Lean statement uses the strict cardinal inequality directly, so the finite case is a specialization rather than a separate hypothesis.

Verified locator

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429262913-ch12