bibkey: bell1964epr authors: John S. Bell year: 1964 title: On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox doi: 10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 claim: Bell proves that local hidden-variable correlations cannot reproduce the spin-singlet prediction P(a,b) = -a dot b. strata_touched:

• D5/S3/Quantum/QubitWitnesses license: citation-only triage: anchor

On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox

John S. Bell considers two spin-one-half particles in the singlet state. Under the locality assumption, he writes their hidden-variable correlation as P(a,b) in equation (2), contrasts it with the quantum singlet correlation -a dot b in equation (3), and proves that the latter cannot be represented, or arbitrarily closely approximated, by the local hidden-variable form.

The paper does not state the vector |00> + |11>, a coefficient-matrix rank or outer-product criterion, or the local-basis bridge from the singlet to that vector. The repository’s exact coefficient nonfactorization selector is therefore repo-derived; this note remains an anchor only for Bell’s actual singlet/locality result and the wider source atom’s literature context.

Search log

• 2026-07-17: Resolved DOI 10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 through Crossref. The record gives J. S. Bell, the exact title, Physics Physique Fizika 1(3), 195-200 (1964).
• 2026-07-17: Queried the INSPIRE record by the DOI and downloaded its public six-page scan of the original article. The PDF attachment SHA-256 is bb889c2f4909269f58d65662e232df2f5c7a5217829b388ac5a5eb9416d1d9b6.
• 2026-07-17: Read the scan directly. Page 195 introduces the spin-one-half singlet; page 196 gives the local hidden-variable correlation in equation (2) and the singlet prediction in equation (3); pages 198-199 derive the incompatibility. Searches of the extracted full text found no |00> + |11> state, coefficient matrix, outer-product factorization, or Schmidt argument. The phrase “product states” on page 197 instead concerns an isotropic mixture.

Verified locator

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195
• INSPIRE record: https://inspirehep.net/literature?q=doi:10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195
• Original scan: https://inspirehep.net/files/67578c1d19ace842e25198fa5675442e