slug: dirr-helmke-kleinsteuber-schulte-herbrueggen-2008-block-shift bibkey: dirr2008relative doi: 10.1080/03081080701535898 url: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0702005v1 triage: theorem motivation_gids:

D5/S3/Quantum/Information/LocalPermutationBlockShiftRefutation.result

Extended local permutations do not suffice for block-shift form

Problem

G. Dirr, U. Helmke, M. Kleinsteuber and T. Schulte-Herbrüggen, Relative C-numerical ranges for applications in quantum control and quantum information, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 56 (2008), 27–51, arXiv:math-ph/0702005v1, Conjecture 3.6, pp. 26–27:

Every element of $E (t_{loc})$ is similar to a block-shift matrix via an element of $Π_{loc}^{ex} := Π_{loc} \cdot Π_{out}$ .

The definitions and source quotations are in the literature note. Issue #14776 fixes DHKS-1 and the literal Lean conventions. The universal claim ranges over every $n \geq 2$ and every complex matrix in the union of the nonzero root spaces of the local diagonal torus. The tensor basis has its first factor as its most significant bit.

Motivation

Conjecture 3.6 would strengthen unrestricted unitary block-shift similarity to the prescribed product of signed local flips and adjacent signed swaps. The counterexample separates these two transformation classes.

Gap

The preregistration records the source and literature checks: the companion paper math-ph/0701035, the classical unrestricted block-shift results of Li–Tsing, Tam and Tam–Yang, and screened citing works do not supply similarity by the prescribed extended local permutations. MathDB p/376871 records no solution in that reading. The search conclusion is not-found-in-searched-scope; it is not a proof of exhaustive absence of prior settlements.

Route

For three qubits take $A = \sum_{j = 0}^{2} ∣ \overset{e}{ˉ}_{j} ⟩ ⟨ e_{j} ∣$ and $Δ = i \sum_{k = 0}^{2} Z_{k}$ . The commutator is $[Δ, A] = - 2 i A$ , so $A \in E (t_{loc})$ . Every prescribed conjugator has a nonvanishing monomial support action $x \mapsto π (x) \oplus a$ . Some supported row lies above its column in Kronecker order. Contiguous block-shift form requires the opposite strict order.

Falsifier

The refutation would fail if the source permitted an arbitrary basis permutation in the block partition, or if a prescribed extended local permutation sent this $A$ to block-shift form. Corollary 2.19 allows arbitrary unitaries; that different statement is compatible with the counterexample.

Evidence

The settling declaration is D5/S3/Quantum/Information/LocalPermutationBlockShiftRefutation.result : ¬ claim. The public definitions are the source’s literal signed matrices, product set, torus, root-space union and monotone block index. The module directly reuses the frozen StabilizerPairLocalUnitaryInequivalence.tensorOp, FiniteDimensional.qubitZ and PositiveOneModeWilliamson.physicalJ2 in its elaborated definitions and proofs. Its proof uses the private reciprocal monomial inverse construction, subgroup-closure support invariant and support transport under conjugation. The axiom closure of every public declaration is contained in {propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound}.

The public result is the designated refutation result (basis=refutes) and is exempt from four-slot escape registration (CLAUDE.md §3.9).

Triage

Tier 1; resolution Refuted; admission_basis: open-problem-resolution (#14776). Utility is kind=certified-instance; basis=refutes: the fixed three-qubit root vector is a certified instance contradicting the literal universal claim.

What the settlement shows

Mechanism — proved in the module. extended_support and affine_xor show that every element of $Π_{loc}^{ex}$ acts on basis strings as $x \mapsto π (x) \oplus a$ . blockShift_lower shows that contiguous block-shift form is strictly lower triangular in Kronecker order. affine_obstruction shows, at $n = 3$ , that the first bits of the transformed columns $π (e_{j}) \oplus a$ take both values. A_entry and conjugate_support preserve the corresponding nonzero arcs $(\overset{e}{ˉ}_{j}, e_{j})$ ; no_blockShift excludes every permitted conjugator. A_mem and result give the root-space witness and the universal refutation.
Family $n \geq 3$ — proved by the following paper argument; computed for $n = 3, 4, 5$ . With all $c_{j} \neq = 0$ , put $A_{n} = \sum_{j} c_{j} ∣ \overset{e}{ˉ}_{j} ⟩ ⟨ e_{j} ∣$ and $Δ_{n} = i \sum_{k} Z_{k}$ . Its diagonal entry at $x$ is $i (n - 2∣ x ∣)$ . Since $∣ e_{j} ∣ = 1$ and $∣ \overset{e}{ˉ}_{j} ∣ = n - 1$ , each support entry satisfies $[Δ_{n}, A_{n}] = - 2 i (n - 2) A_{n}$ . Thus the real frequency $- 2 (n - 2)$ is nonzero. Coordinate permutations and bit flips send complementary strings to complementary strings. At the first position, $π (e_{j})$ has bit 1 for exactly one $j$ and bit 0 for the other $n - 1$ indices. Both values remain present after xor with $a$ . One transformed column has first bit 1 and its complementary row has first bit 0, hence that nonzero entry is above the diagonal. This excludes block-shift form for every prescribed conjugator. This uniform argument is not a Lean theorem of this module. The numerical check below tests nonzero coefficients $c_{j} = 1 + 0.37 j$ , uses floating numpy.allclose for the commutator, and enumerates all $2^{n} n!$ support actions; signs do not affect the nonzero pattern. It finds zero strictly lower-triangular conjugates among 48, 384 and 3840 actions for $n = 3, 4, 5$ , respectively.
$n = 2$ — open in this delivery; consistent with the source. The source’s four-by-four Cases 1–16 classify its root vectors into the permitted block-shift forms. That classification is not re-proved here. For the family above, $- 2 (n - 2) = 0$ , so this particular torus witness supplies no nonzero root frequency at $n = 2$ . The universal conjecture is refuted at $n = 3$ without changing the source’s two-qubit result.
Remark 2(a) — proved false as an elementwise assertion by exact matrix arithmetic. For $L = J \otimes I_{2}$ , its first row is $(0, 0, 1, 0)$ , so $(L P_{out})_{01} = (P_{out})_{21} = - 1$ , whereas $(P_{out} L)_{01} = L_{01} = 0$ . Thus the signed matrices do not commute elementwise. On supports, coordinate permutations normalize the bit-flip group: moving a swap past a flip relabels the flipped coordinate. Their product is the affine support group, not an elementwise commuting direct product. This paper calculation is separate from the module’s settling theorem.
Smallest sufficient subgroup — open. The source’s proposed $Π_{loc}^{ex}$ is too small for $n \geq 3$ . Determining a smallest or natural sufficient signed-permutation subgroup remains open, including the proposed class of all signed permutations commuting with the local torus action. No sufficiency assertion for that class is made here.
Consequences for the source — literature reading. Corollary 2.18 retains its relative-numerical-range characterization via $E (t)$ ; Corollary 2.19 retains unrestricted unitary block-shift similarity. Neither depends on the conjectured restriction. Conjecture 3.6 and the minimality expectation in Remark 2 lose that proposed restriction; no other source theorem is refuted by this delivery.

Reproducible finite computation

The exact source of the orchestrator’s check follows. Dependencies: Python 3 and NumPy. Command: python3 /tmp/op-dhks/check.py; exit code 0. SHA-256: 593fe84f1dfd7d939a51c4bad4884974c06866bac6df8f7fa7b2807a91b48839. Save the code verbatim as check.py and run python3 check.py.

# Dirr–Helmke–Kleinsteuber–Schulte-Herbrüggen Conjecture 3.6 (math-ph/0702005): refutation check.
import itertools, numpy as np
def check(n):
    N=2**n; bits=lambda x:[(x>>(n-1-k))&1 for k in range(n)]   # bit k = tensor factor k (first factor = most significant)
    idx=lambda b:sum(bb<<(n-1-k) for k,bb in enumerate(b))
    full=N-1
    A=np.zeros((N,N),dtype=complex)
    for j in range(n):
        e=1<<(n-1-j); A[e^full,e]=1.0+0.37*j   # A = sum_j c_j |ebar_j><e_j|
    lam=np.array([sum(1-2*b for b in bits(x)) for x in range(N)],dtype=float)  # Delta = i*diag(n-2|x|)
    D=np.diag(1j*lam)
    comm=D@A-A@D
    phi=-2*(n-2)
    assert np.allclose(comm,1j*phi*A), "not in E(t_loc)"
    # group: basis maps x -> pi(x) xor a (support level; signs irrelevant)
    ok=0; total=0
    for perm in itertools.permutations(range(n)):
        for a in range(N):
            total+=1
            g=lambda x:idx([bits(x)[perm[k]] for k in range(n)])^a
            sup=[(g(r),g(c)) for r in range(N) for c in range(N) if abs(A[r,c])>0]
            if all(r>c for r,c in sup): ok+=1
    return total, ok
for n in (2,3,4,5):
    if n==2:
        print("n=2: phi=0, A not in E(t_loc) via this Delta (family starts at n=3)"); continue
    t,ok=check(n); print(f"n={n}: group elements(support level)={t}, conjugates strictly lower triangular={ok}")

ASSUMED-UNVERIFIED

Absence of a prior published settlement beyond the preregistration’s searched scope is unverified; unavailable texts and search endpoints are not evidence of absence. The $n \geq 3$ family argument and Remark 2(a) calculation are paper arguments; only the three-qubit refutation and its consumed private lemmas are kernel-checked here. The source’s complete $n = 2$ classification and the smallest sufficient subgroup question remain outside this module’s formal scope.

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