slug: dmitrovic-2024-mixed-norm-point-evaluation-refutation
bibkey: dmitrovic2024norm
doi: 10.7153/oam-2024-18-42
url: https://doi.org/10.7153/oam-2024-18-42
triage: theorem
motivation_gids:
  - D5/S3/Analytic/MixedNorm/DmitrovicPointEvaluation/Defs.claim

Dmitrović: constant-one mixed-norm point evaluation

Problem

D. Dmitrović, Norm of composition operator on mixed norm spaces, Operators and Matrices 18(3) (2024), 697–710, doi:10.7153/oam-2024-18-42, end of section 2, page 705, states:

CONJECTURE. From the previous discussion, we conjecture that for all 0 < p, q ⩽ ∞, 0 < α < ∞ and f ∈ H^{p,q,α}: |f(z)| ⩽ ‖f‖_{p,q,α} / (1 − |z|²)^{α + 1/p}.

The definitions on page 697 are:

$$\Vert f{\Vert }_{p,q,\alpha }={\left(2\alpha q{\int }_0^{1}r(1-r^2{)}^{\alpha q-1}{M}_p^q(r,f)dr\right)}^{1/q}(0<q<\infty ),$$

$$\Vert f{\Vert }_{p,\infty ,\alpha }=\underset{0<r<1}{\sup }(1-r^2{)}^{\alpha }{M}_p(r,f),M_p(r,f)={\left(\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_0^{2\pi }|f(r{e}^{i\theta }){|}^{p}d\theta \right)}^{1/p}.$$

Here $M_{\infty }$ is the supremum over $\theta$. The space $H^{p,q,\alpha }$ consists of holomorphic functions on the unit disc with finite mixed norm. The convention is $1/\infty =0$. The Lean claim multiplies the inequality by the strictly positive weight $(1-|z{|}^2{)}^{\alpha +1/p}$; this is equivalent to the displayed quotient form.

Motivation

Lemma 2 proves the constant-one estimate for $p=\infty$ and for finite positive $q\le p$. For finite $q>p$ it gives the larger upper constant $2^{\alpha +3/p}$, and for finite $p$, $q=\infty$ it gives $2^{\alpha }(1+3|z|{)}^{1/p}(1+|z|{)}^{1/p}$. The conjecture asks whether the constant can nevertheless be one throughout the remaining parameter range.

Gap

For every finite $p>0$, every $q\in (p,\infty ]$, and every $\alpha >0$, the constant-one estimate fails. The witnesses are bounded holomorphic functions

$$f_a(w)=\exp \left(\frac{2}{p}\mathrm{Log}(1+aw)\right),0<a<1,z=\frac{a}{1+\alpha p},$$

with the principal logarithm. On the unit disc, $\mathrm{Re}(1+aw)>1-a>0$ and $|f_a(w)|\le (1+a{)}^{2/p}$. The refutation was derived with the assistance of the ChatGPT Pro model.

Route

The full-period angular integral gives the exact identity

$$M_p(\rho ,f_a{)}^p=1+a^2{\rho }^2.$$

For finite $q>p$, put $t=a^2$, $r=q/p$, $\beta =\alpha q$, and $c=1/(1+\alpha p)$. The q-th powers of the norm and normalized evaluation are respectively

$$N(t)=2\alpha q{\int }_0^1\rho (1-{\rho }^2{)}^{\alpha q-1}(1+t{\rho }^2{)}^{r}d\rho ,L(t)=(1+ct{)}^{2r}(1-c^{2}t{)}^{\beta +r}.$$

Convexity bounds the radial power by its chord and yields

$$N(t)\le U(t):=1+\frac{(1+t{)}^r-1}{\beta +1}(t\ge 0).$$

The endpoint-singular weights are integrable for every $\beta >0$. The comparison functions satisfy $L(0)=U(0)=1$ and

$$L^{\prime }(0)=\frac{r}{1+\alpha p},U^{\prime }(0)=\frac{r}{1+\alpha q},D:=L^{\prime }(0)-U^{\prime }(0)=\frac{r\alpha (q-p)}{(1+\alpha p)(1+\alpha q)}>0.$$

Consequently $L(t)>U(t)\ge N(t)$ for some $t\in (0,1)$. Taking positive q-th roots gives the strict point-evaluation violation. The normalized evaluation grows at first order $r/(1+\alpha p)$ while the radial norm has the upper comparison slope $r/(1+\alpha q)$; equality of these slopes is exactly $q=p$.

For $q=\infty$, the weighted circle mean $(1-u{)}^{\alpha }(1+tu{)}^{1/p}$ is nonincreasing on $[0,1)$ if $0<t\le \alpha p$. Its supremum is one, approached as the radius tends to zero. The normalized evaluation

$$E(t)=(1+ct{)}^{2/p}(1-c^{2}t{)}^{\alpha +1/p}$$

satisfies $E(0)=1$ and $E^{\prime }(0)=1/[p(1+\alpha p)]>0$. A sufficiently small positive $t$ therefore violates constant one.

Falsifier

For the universal conjecture, a single holomorphic function of finite mixed norm and an interior point giving a strict reversed inequality is a counterexample. The general failure theorem has the stronger target of such a counterexample for every finite $p>0$, every $q>p$ including infinity, and every $\alpha >0$. A parameter triple in that range for which all normalized evaluations are bounded by the norm would refute that stronger theorem. An error in a circle integral, the endpoint integrability, or the strict slope comparison would invalidate the corresponding argument without proving the conjecture.

Evidence

The pinned source model is in Defs.lean. CircleMean.lean proves holomorphy, boundedness, the exact angular mean, the radial norm identity, and the infinite-q refutation. FirstOrderGap.lean proves the strict radial gap for all finite $0<p<q$ and $\alpha >0$. Result.lean combines the two cases in fails_off_contractive_range and proves result : ¬ claim, using $p=1$, $q=2$, $\alpha =1$ for the final contradiction. No optimal norm formula is asserted.

Triage

• PROVED (formalized): the estimate fails for every finite $p>0$, every $q\in (p,\infty ]$, and every $\alpha >0$. The bounded holomorphic witnesses are the principal-branch powers $f_a(w)=(1+aw{)}^{2/p}$ at $z=a/(1+\alpha p)$. The exact circle mean satisfies $M_p(\rho ,f_a{)}^p=1+a^2{\rho }^2$. The finite-q first-order gap is $D=r\alpha (q-p)/[(1+\alpha p)(1+\alpha q)]>0$, where $r=q/p$.
• PROVED (paper proof, not formalized here): Lemma 2 of the source gives constant one when $p=\infty$ or $0<q\le p<\infty$. Together with the formalized failure set, the constant-one estimate holds exactly when $p=\infty$ or $q\le p$.
• PROVED (formalized mechanism): the q-th power of normalized evaluation has first-order slope $r/(1+\alpha p)$, exceeding the radial mixed-norm upper comparison slope $r/(1+\alpha q)$ precisely for $q>p$; the slopes agree exactly at $q=p$.
• COMPUTED (mpmath, 30-digit arithmetic, outside the Lean development): violations occur at $(p,q,\alpha ,a)=(1,2,0.5,0.2)$, $(0.7,1.9,1.3,0.15)$, $(2,4,0.25,0.25)$, and $(3,3.5,2,0.1)$. For $q=\infty$ they occur at $(p,\alpha ,a)=(1,1,0.3)$, $(0.5,2,0.2)$, $(2,0.5,0.4)$, and $(3,0.3,0.3)$. There is no violation at the controls $(1.5,1.4,1,0.2)$ and $(1,1,1,0.2)$. These numerical checks are not part of the formal proof.
• OPEN: the exact norm of point evaluation on $H^{p,q,\alpha }$ for $q>p$. The source’s upper constants and the lower bounds of Lemma 2 are not matched here.
• OPEN: the analogous sharp composition-operator norm bound derived from Lemma 2.

ASSUMED-UNVERIFIED

Searches covered the arXiv API for Llinares, mixed norms with contractive inequalities, point evaluation and pointwise estimates, and Dmitrović; web results for mixed-norm point evaluation and sharp constants; the repository’s D5, Problems, Library and Blueprint collections; GitHub code and discussion indexes; and Formal Conjectures entries for mixed norms, Dmitrović and composition operators. No settlement of the conjecture was found in that scope. Citation indexes were not exhaustively checked; this is not a priority certification.

Llinares–Vukotić, Contractive inequalities for mixed norm spaces and the Beta function, arXiv:2107.05542, characterizes inclusions $H(p,q,a)\subset H(u,v,b)$ for $p\ge u$. The present point-evaluation conjecture has $p<u=\infty$, outside that range. The Llinares–Vukotić note binds the arXiv locator; the Dmitrović note binds the journal DOI and conjecture locator. The author’s dissertation reportedly restates the conjecture on printed page 55; that dissertation statement is unverified and has no role in the proof. The literature scope and paper’s positive-range attribution are bibliographic evidence, not additional Lean theorems.