slug: girard-2017-binegativity-monotonicity bibkey: girard2017binegativity doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1701.02724 url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.02724v3 triage: theorem motivation_gids:

• D5/S3/Quantum/Entanglement/TwoQubitBinegativityMonotonicityRefutation.result

Binegativity monotonicity for two qubits

Problem

M. W. Girard and G. Gour, The binegativity of two qubits, arXiv:1701.02724v3, introduction, p. 1:

That is, we conjecture that for any two-qubit state $\sigma$ it holds that $N_2(\mathcal{E}(\sigma ))\le N_2(\sigma )$ for any LOCC (or PPT) channel $\mathcal{E}$ that outputs states of two qubits.

Here $N_2(\sigma)=\operatorname{Tr}[(\sigma^\Gamma)-]+ 2\operatorname{Tr}[(((\sigma^\Gamma)-)^\Gamma)_-]$, with partial transposition on Bob and the positive and negative components of self-adjoint matrices. S. Sazim and N. Awasthi, Binegativity of two qubits under noise, arXiv:1711.03717v2, introduction, p. 1, restate:

On the basis of numerical evidence, it is conjectured that the binegativity behaves monotonically under both LOCC and PPT channels [15].

Their abstract also states: “Our study supports the conjecture that the binegativity is a monotone.”

Motivation

The frozen declaration D5/S3/Quantum/Entanglement/TwoQubitBinegativityMonotonicityRefutation.result refutes deterministic monotonicity even for finite one-way LOCC channels whose input and output each consist of two qubits. Thus binegativity does not satisfy the LOCC monotonicity requirement of an entanglement measure.

Gap

Preregistration #12908 records the Tier 1 classification, both verbatim sources, the quantified statement, and literature checks before any Lean. The original paper retains the conjecture and states that the authors do not have a valid proof. The follow-up supplies noise-channel evidence, which does not cover arbitrary adaptive local protocols. The existing upper-bound refutation concerns Eq. (9), a distinct conjecture.

The literature and citation searches recorded in #12908 are not-found-in-searched-scope, not an exhaustive worldwide priority claim. The later multinegativity paper arXiv:2609.20698 was identified by the search seat; its relevance is unverified here.

Route

For finitely many Alice outcomes $i$, let $A_i$ satisfy ${\sum }_i{A}_i^{†}{A}_i=I$. For each outcome, Bob has a complete channel ${\sum }_j{B}_{ij}^{†}{B}_{ij}=I$. After discarding outcomes, the channel is $\mathcal E(\sigma)=\sum_{i,j}(A_i\otimes B_{ij})\sigma (A_i\otimes B_{ij})^\dagger$.

In the basis $00,01,10,11$, take $\rho=\tfrac34|00\rangle\langle00|+\tfrac14|\psi^+\rangle \langle\psi^+|$,where$|\psi^+\rangle=(|01\rangle+|10\rangle)/\sqrt2$. Alice uses $A_0=\mathrm{diag}(1/2,1)$ and $A_1=(\sqrt{3}/2)|0⟩⟨0|$. Bob uses the identity on outcome 0 and resets to $|1⟩$ on outcome 1, with Kraus operators $|1⟩⟨0|$ and $|1⟩⟨1|$. The output is

$${\rho }^{\prime }=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}3/16& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 11/16& 1/16& 0\\ 0& 1/16& 1/8& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right).$$

The partial transposes have single negative eigenvalues $(3-\sqrt{10})/8$ and $(3-\sqrt{13})/32$. Positive rank-one decompositions with vanishing positive-negative products identify both nested negative parts through CFC.posPart_negPart_unique. Their traces give

$$N_2(\rho )=-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{7\sqrt{10}}{80}<-\frac{1}{32}+\frac{7\sqrt{13}}{416}=N_2({\rho }^{\prime }).$$

The exact rational certificates are $\sqrt{10}<31623/10000$ and $36055/10000<\sqrt{13}$.

Falsifier

claim quantifies over all complex matrices on Fin 2 × Fin 2 satisfying the frozen IsDensity predicate (positive semidefinite, trace one), and over every E satisfying IsOneWayLOCC, with conclusion binegativity (E σ) ≤ binegativity σ. result : ¬ claim has no external hypotheses. Since finite one-way LOCC is contained in LOCC, this refutes the universal LOCC clause of the source conjecture. The formal claim does not separately define the class of PPT channels.

Evidence

The canonical source is D5/S3/Quantum/Entanglement/TwoQubitBinegativityMonotonicityRefutation.lean. Its entire public surface is IsOneWayLOCC, claim, and result. It reuses binegativity and vec4 from the upper-bound module and partialTransposeB and IsDensity from the structured-negativity module. All certificate helpers are local to the proof; no new private theorem, new axiom, sorry, or native_decide is used.

Computed with NumPy 2.2.5 by python3 /Users/auric/.sshx/b465cc0994bedc55422789e7/attempt-1/bineg-check.py: $N_2(\rho )=0.026699295264733185$, $N_2({\rho }^{\prime })=0.029420333962134428$, and increase $0.002721038697401243$. Kraus completeness and the output matrix agree within $10^{-14}$. The program diagonalizes both successive Hermitian matrices; these numerical values supplement the exact proof.

Triage

Tier 1; resolution Refuted by the frozen result above. proof_shape: bind-only; escape_witness: none; admission_basis: open-problem-resolution (#12908). The utility is a certified instance refuting the module’s claim. Information-escape registration is paused under CLAUDE.md §3.9.

What the settlement shows

• Proved in this module: a deterministic finite one-way LOCC channel increases $N_2$ on the displayed density matrix. Consequently $N_2$ is not an LOCC monotone and cannot be an entanglement measure with that requirement. The density, local completeness, output action, and exact values are established within the proof of result.
• Computed (the NumPy command in Evidence): Alice’s filter reduces the separable $|00⟩$ weight relative to the entangled block. Bob’s reset moves discarded weight to $|01⟩$, outside the $00,11$ negative-eigenvector block of the partial transpose. Ordinary negativity falls from $0.040569415042094825$ to $0.03784695471649933$, while the nested contribution $2\mathrm{Tr}[((({\rho }^{\Gamma }{)}_{-}{)}^{\Gamma }{)}_{-}]$ grows from $0.006414587743685773$ to $0.010496856603884766$.
• Proved as a matrix-algebra consequence of the same protocol, not a separate Lean declaration: the PPT clause also fails. For product Kraus matrices $A_i\otimes B_{ij}$, the map $\Gamma \mathcal{E}\Gamma$ has Kraus matrices $A_i\otimes \overline{B_{ij}}$, so it is completely positive. Thus this one-way LOCC witness is also a PPT channel; its strict increase is the one established by result.
• Computed family; formalization open: for $\rho (a,b,c,z)=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}a& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& b& z& 0\\ 0& z& c& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right)$, assume $a,b,c\ge 0$, $a+b+c=1$, $z>0$, $z^2\le bc$, $r=a/(2z)>4/3$, and $16/(9r^2)\le s<1$. The same protocol sends $(a,b,c,z)$ to $(sa,b+(1-s)a,c,\sqrt{s}z)$. With $D=\sqrt{a^2+4z^2}$ the formula is $N_2=(D-a)(1+2z/D)/2$. Set $t=1/(r+\sqrt{r^2+1})$; then $N_2=(2z^2/a)H(t)$ for $H(t)=(1-t)(1+t{)}^3/(2(1+t^2))$. The filter preserves $z^2/a$ and strictly increases $t$ while keeping $0<t\le 1/3$, because $\sqrt{s}r\ge 4/3$. The derivative $H^{\prime }(t)=(1+t{)}^2(1-3t+t^2-t^3)/(1+t^2{)}^2$ is positive on that interval. This is an analytical argument, not a separately certified theorem. The Evidence program checked 10,097 random admissible members with seed 12908, using the closed formula; minimum increase $1.9823902197423787\cdot 10^{-9}$. The 10,097-member check reported in #12908 is an independent orchestrator reading. A uniform formal theorem is a separate candidate.
• Proved in the source, not reproved here: $N_2$ vanishes exactly on separable two-qubit states and is invariant under local unitaries (Girard–Gour, introduction). These properties survive this refutation.
• Proved consequence of the refutation: the source’s conditional interpretation of the $N_2$ ordering as a new entanglement-measure ordering is unavailable. Algebraic computations of $N_2$ and the follow-up’s calculations for selected noise channels remain unchanged. The separate upper bound in Eq. (9) is already refuted by the existing upper-bound module; the lower bound remains open here.

ASSUMED-UNVERIFIED

The literature checks establish no exhaustive priority claim. The source correspondence, LOCC interpretation, and PPT consequence are mathematical reading judgements; the kernel certifies the encoded ¬ claim. The uniform family theorem and any separately encoded PPT-class theorem are not delivered in this module. The random family check is a finite numerical reading, not a uniform proof.