slug: vom-ende-chruscinski-kimura-muratore-ginanneschi-2025-conditional-two-positive-bound
bibkey: vomende2025twopositivebound
doi: 10.1016/j.laa.2025.10.022
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02145v1
triage: theorem
motivation_gids:
  - D5/S3/Quantum/QuantumChannels/ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound.result

Spectral bound for conditionally 2-positive maps

Problem

F. vom Ende, D. Chruściński, G. Kimura and P. Muratore-Ginanneschi, Universal Bound on the Eigenvalues of 2-Positive Trace-Preserving Maps, arXiv:2506.02145v1, §3 “Outlook”, page 11, question (10), asks:

Hence one may wonder whether all (generators of) completely positive maps, resp. 2-positive maps satisfy

$$\mathrm{tr}(L)\le d\min \Re \sigma (L)+(d^2-d)\max \Re \sigma (L).$$

A map $L$ is called conditionally 2-positive if $e^{tL}$ is 2-positive for all $t\ge 0$.

With this, (10) becomes really a conjecture about the spectrum of arbitrary conditionally 2-positive maps.

VCKM-10 quantifies every integer $d\ge 1$ and every complex-linear endomorphism $L$ of ${\mathbb{C}}^{d\times d}$ satisfying this definition. There is no trace-preservation assumption. The trace is the superoperator trace; the spectrum is the set of roots of the characteristic polynomial. The Lean claim also asserts that the superoperator trace is real.

Motivation

This Tier-1 external named question is preregistered in #13633. ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound.result : claim proves VCKM-10. Its admission basis is open-problem-resolution (#13633; Proved).

Gap

The preregistration quotes arXiv v1 and reports no settlement in its bounded literature search. The codex-cli search producer reports that arXiv:2510.19657v3, 2603.11204v1, 2605.14644v1 and the later author paper arXiv:2508.21348v2 do not settle this unrestricted assertion. These are seat-reported literature readings, not an exhaustive priority claim. The journal text is unverified. The source’s Theorem 1 is already proved in the literature and assumes trace preservation; it is a formalized prerequisite, not a new mathematical result.

Route

For a 2-positive map $T$, use $T_{\epsilon }=T+\epsilon \mathrm{tr}(\cdot )I$ with $\epsilon >0$. Compact Collatz minimization and strict residual lowering construct a positive-definite density $\rho$ with $T_{\epsilon }\rho =c\rho$ and $c>0$. The faithful positive-power estimate proves that $c$ is the maximal real eigenvalue. Congruence by the square root of $\rho$, followed by division by $c$, gives a unital 2-positive map. Its Hilbert–Schmidt adjoint is 2-positive and trace preserving, so the formalized Theorem 1 applies. Similarity and rescaling transport its bound to $T_{\epsilon }$. Continuity of characteristic-polynomial roots and spectral extrema gives the bound for $T$ as $\epsilon \to 0$. For conditionally 2-positive $L$, apply this result to $e^{tL}$ and use the operator-exponential difference quotient as $t\downarrow 0$.

Falsifier

The literal conditional-positivity predicate, matrix dimension, exponential, trace and spectral extrema must match the source. A failed positivity transport, eigenmatrix construction, eigenvalue bound or limiting step would prevent the asserted Lean proof. The public result has no additional hypothesis beyond the quantified source claim.

Evidence

The four Lean modules are under D5/S3/Quantum/QuantumChannels/: TwoPositiveTransitionTrace, TracePreservingEigenvalueBound, FaithfulPerronRegularization and ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound. Their Blueprint Scribes mirror the public declarations. TracePreservingEigenvalueBound.theorem1_general has FromLiterature provenance. The settling result has OpenProblemResolutionClaim(Proved). The axiom closure of every public declaration is contained in {propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound}. No atom or coverage is used. Information-escape registration is paused under CLAUDE.md §3.9.

Triage

What the settlement shows

• Proved: VCKM-10 for every conditionally 2-positive map, including reality of its superoperator trace, by ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound.result. The bound for every 2-positive $T$ is the private live theorem ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound.twoPositive_spectralBound. The source’s stated inclusions place completely positive maps and generators of completely positive semigroups inside the conditional class; the proved universal bound applies whenever that predicate holds. Separate public inclusion theorems are not supplied here.
• Proved, formalized literature: the source’s Theorem 1 for every 2-positive trace-preserving map, by TracePreservingEigenvalueBound.theorem1_general; this is not new.
• Proved: regularization supplies a faithful Perron eigenmatrix without trace preservation, by FaithfulPerronRegularization.strict_positive_perron_eigenmatrix and regularized_perron_certificate. The private ConditionalTwoPositiveSpectralBound.unital_similarity_certificate transports the trace-preserving bound. Faithful power control supplies the maximal-real-eigenvalue field consumed in that transport. The regularization and semigroup limits give the full conditional class.
• Open: the source’s other question, a positive trace-preserving map violating Theorem 1 for $d\ge 3$, is not addressed.
• Proved in the cited literature: Remark 1(iii), equation (5) and Example 2 show that the coefficient $d$ cannot be increased even for completely positive trace-preserving maps. Their maximal real eigenvalue is $1$, so this coefficient optimality also constrains the larger class of (10). The explicit sharpness family is not formalized here. Open: attainment and equality classification beyond the source’s subclasses; this delivery proves no additional tightness statement.
• Proved consequence: the missing trace-preservation hypothesis in (10) does not obstruct its spectral bound. Source results with independent proofs retain their hypotheses and conclusions; uses of VCKM-10 within this quantified class now have the asserted bound. No full dependency audit of the source or resolution of its remaining positive-map question is claimed.

ASSUMED-UNVERIFIED

The journal version’s retention of the question is unverified because its text has not been read. Later-paper literature conclusions are seat-reported and bounded to the cited scope. The source’s inclusions and sharpness example are literature facts rather than additional Lean corollaries in this delivery. Publication priority and exhaustive novelty are not asserted.