slug: wang-chen-song-2026-appt-extreme-six-levels
bibkey: wangchensong2026extremeappt
doi: 10.1088/1402-4896/ae9148
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20717v1
triage: theorem
motivation_gids:
  - D5/S3/Quantum/Entanglement/AbsolutePPT/QutritExtremeSixLevels.result

The sharp six-level bound for extreme two-qutrit absolutely PPT states

Problem

N. Wang, L. Chen and Z. Song, Extreme points of absolutely PPT states with exactly three distinct eigenvalues, arXiv:2603.20717v1, Physica Scripta 101 (2026), 315210, DOI 10.1088/1402-4896/ae9148, Section VII, Conclusions, page 29, asks:

Fourth, what is the achievable upper bound of distinct eigenvalues of extreme two-qutrit AP states?

The answer is six, including attainment.

Statement echo

A state is a positive semidefinite trace-one matrix on ${\mathbb{C}}^3\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^3$. The public definition apStates is exactly the set of such matrices satisfying the frozen QutritPerturbationAttainment.APPT: every global unitary conjugate has positive semidefinite partial transpose. Extremality is Set.extremePoints ℝ apStates; the number of distinct eigenvalues is (spectrum ℂ rho).ncard, without multiplicity. claim is the conjunction of the universal bound $\le 6$ and existence of an extreme state with exactly six eigenvalues. result : claim has no extra hypotheses. The real scalar field is the field of convex coefficients; the complex spectrum belongs to the original complex matrix, rather than a real surrogate. Finite-dimensional Hermitian spectra are finite.

Motivation

The settling GID is D5/S3/Quantum/Entanglement/AbsolutePPT/QutritExtremeSixLevels.result, with admission basis open-problem-resolution (#15732; Proved). Preregistration #15732 identifies the published question and its literature scope.

The supporting modules establish Hildebrand sufficiency, a feasible spectral perturbation, and six-level extremality. They have admission basis escape-witness. The pencil-dependency equations are part of QutritSpectralFeasiblePerturbation and feed its positive-radius theorem.

Gap

The source question concerns the sharp achievable bound, including an attaining extreme state. The proof closes both parts for two qutrits. The source’s three-level constructions and other valid results retain their stated scopes; questions in other local dimensions and the full classification remain open.

The four-slot escape audit of result and all fourteen other new public theorems is unfinished under #16011. The missing evidence consists of faithful complete dependent-family realizations, reconstruction and equivalence bridges, enrolled readouts, whole-family variation and sensitivity, and actual observational dependence for the continuous matrix/eigenvalue families. No Reg source or completed registration is claimed. QutritSixLevelExtremality.ConvexKernel.K2_linear is the shared linearity identity used by both the convex-kernel argument and the feasible spectral perturbation, with the same unfinished audit. QutritSpectralReduction.bell_mem_unitaryGroup states unitarity of the Bell basis matrix and has an unfinished four-slot registration under that issue.

Route

The frozen QutritSpectralReduction.K1, K2, boundaryValues and spectral_reduction provide the two pencils and necessity. QutritHildebrandSufficiency.Sufficiency.hildebrand_sufficiency supplies sufficiency through Schmidt diagonalization and the trace rearrangement estimate; Criterion.hildebrand_criterion combines the two directions. The proof uses the frozen finite SVD and doubly stochastic rearrangement results.

For seven or more spectral levels, the active kernel constraints have a dependency. When both pencils are singular, writing $p$ and $q$ for their kernel vectors gives $p^{\top }(K_2-K_1)q=({\lambda }_6-{\lambda }_7)p^{\top }Jq=0$. The case ${\lambda }_6={\lambda }_7$ is handled separately. A block-preserving trace-zero vector survives the constraints, and FeasiblePerturbation.spectral_radius gives a positive radius preserving order, positivity, trace and both PSD pencils. Hildebrand sufficiency transports this spectral interval back to states, producing a nontrivial open-segment decomposition. QutritExtremeSixLevels.universal_bound excludes such a decomposition at an extreme point.

The attaining diagonal state has spectrum $(318,312,200,169,148,148,130,130,130)/1685$. The explicit supporting functional has weights $(-286,-208,-176,128,176,208,242,286,338)$. Its nonnegative trace on AP states vanishes at this state. Equality forces diagonal alignment and the two active kernels; the resulting linear equations uniquely determine the spectrum. QutritSixLevelExtremality.Extremality.six_level_attainment proves the existential half.

Falsifier

A two-qutrit AP extreme state with seven distinct eigenvalues refutes the universal clause. Failure of AP membership or extremality of the attaining state refutes the construction. A spectrum with seven levels alone does not imply that both pencils are singular: the perturbation proof also covers one or neither singular pencil.

Evidence

The kernel-checked settling declaration is D5.S3.Quantum.Entanglement.AbsolutePPT.QutritExtremeSixLevels.result. The axiom closure of every public declaration is contained in {propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound}. The corresponding Scribe has one OpenProblemResolutionClaim with ResolutionKind.Proved.

The literature notes are Library/QuantumBounds/wangchensong2026extremeappt.md and Library/QuantumStates/hildebrand2007pptspectra.md.

The independent check is published in the experiments repository, at commit 130752b956e5676e4fd865ab5bd7b8e65bf6203a, entry docs/reports/wang-chen-song-2026-appt-extreme-six-levels/check.py. Command: python3 check.py; exit 0; script SHA-256 4978aca8eaedec526e32042542df860e5558a6a97bc3e4683d7182ca3ae37b09. The exact checks cover the polynomial family on $h\in [0,1/100]$, its strictly decreasing six levels, kernel identities, PSD rank-two pencils, and $\det M(h)=-512Z(h)$ with no zero on that interval; they also cover the symbolic functional identity for arbitrary $\mu$. The numerical sanity checks use seed $20261012$, the $h=0$ state and the fixed control spectrum. They return least sampled or locally optimized partial-transpose eigenvalues $8.508\times 10^{-3}$ and $-1.084\times 10^{-1}$ respectively, with final bad= 0. These sampled readings do not assert minimization over every global unitary.

Triage

What the settlement shows

• Proved, kernel-checked Hildebrand criterion. QutritHildebrandSufficiency.Criterion.hildebrand_criterion identifies APPT with positivity of both boundary pencils for an ordered two-qutrit spectral diagonalization. Sufficiency.hildebrand_sufficiency supplies sufficiency; SpectralBridge.spectral_reduction_ordered supplies necessity.
• Proved in prose, singular-pencil rank. If ${\lambda }_9>0$, each Hildebrand pencil has three strictly positive diagonal entries and three nonpositive off-diagonal entries. A rank-one positive semidefinite matrix would be $v{v}^{\top }$ with every coordinate of $v$ nonzero, so the product of its three off-diagonal entries would be $v_1^2{v}_2^2{v}_3^2>0$. Nonpositive off-diagonal entries instead give a product at most zero. Thus its rank is at least two; if it is singular, its rank is exactly two. This is a prose derivation, not a separately kernel-checked rank theorem.
• Proved, kernel-checked perturbation mechanism. QutritSpectralFeasiblePerturbation.FeasiblePerturbation.spectral_radius supplies the nonzero perturbation and positive feasible radius for every ordered nonnegative trace-one spectrum with at least seven levels and PSD pencils. Its consumed private PencilDependency.kernel_difference_identity, ActiveKernels.active_dependency and Dimension.block_perturbation establish the kernel-equation dependency and surviving block-preserving trace-zero direction. The two-singular-pencil identity above is one case of this argument; seven levels do not force both pencils singular. QutritExtremeSixLevels.StateDecomposition.nontrivial_decomposition transports the interval to a nontrivial state decomposition, and universal_bound proves the contradiction with extremality.
• Proved, kernel-checked attainment mechanism. QutritSixLevelExtremality.Extremality.six_level_attainment proves existence at the rational spectrum above. Its consumed private SupportingFunctional.trace_support_nonneg, trace_support_zero_diagonal, trace_support_zero_kernel and Extremality.rho0_decomposition_trivial use the explicit functional $W$ to force every convex component to equal the attaining state.
• Computed, exact family readings. The experiment entry proves its symbolic equalities and checks signs on $h\in [0,1/100]$; it checks the determinant, kernel and PSD conditions described in Evidence. Lean attainment is the $h=0$ instance. These family identities do not assert a Lean proof of extremality for every parameter.
• Computed, numerical sanity. The experiment returns bad= 0 and the two eigenvalue readings in Evidence for its sampled and locally optimized unitary searches. They are not universal bounds over unitary matrices.
• Open, continuous-family formalization. Extremality for every $h\in [0,1/100]$ is not settled by the delivered Lean instance. The computed pencil and determinant identities are separate evidence.
• Open. The analogous sharp bound for qubit–qudit and higher local dimensions, and the full classification of extreme AP spectra, remain open.
• Effect on source results. The two-qutrit achievable-bound question is settled with sharp value six. The source’s three-level results retain their hypotheses and conclusions; this proof does not classify all extreme spectra or settle its other open questions.

ASSUMED-UNVERIFIED

The published journal edition’s full text was not verified; the question is verified in the arXiv source as recorded in #15732. Exhaustive worldwide priority beyond that bounded literature screen is not established. The general-dimension questions, full classification and unfinished escape audit remain separate boundaries.